London Tier 4：Lockdown VUI-202012/01

In London a New Covid Variant（VUI-202012/01） Has Been Identified.So London Into Tier 4, With Lockdown Restrictions Coming Into Force.

This New Variant Is Understood To Be Much More Transmissible Than The Form Of Coronavirus.

BUT,Can London Contain The Virus As WuHan Did On 2020.1.23?Or Happen Super Spread And Reach Herd Immunity Quickly.

Escaped Virus

The Lockdown a Megacity,It's Not Only Said That Can Lock It,Without Effective Organization And Command,Without The Active Cooperation Of The Public,City Lock Just Tend To Be The Beginning Of Another Kind Of Disaster.

Finally The City Lockdown Was Reduced To Formalism.

1.Freedom、Human Rights.

2.The National Populace's Cultivation,It's Far From Catching Up With The Chinese.

3.The Mask,Not Obey The Rules With Epidemic Prevention Requirements.

4.US Vaccines Problems More Frequently,And UK Is No One.

5.Eventually Live To Turned Into The Appearances Youself Find Annoying.

Nanking 12.13

The 83rd Anniversary Of The NanJing Massacre

12.13 National Memorial Day

We Never Forget!

http://www.afghanistantimes.af/editorial-convivial-justice

Editorial: Convivial justice

Condemning the crimes that inflicted casualties on innocent Afghans is not the only way to the justice and fairness, but indeed, it needs the true acts of prosecution of those committed such crimes for sake of justice. A bombshell report revealed that the Australian Special Forces in the southern part of Afghanistan killed 39 civilians who were innocent. The report earned widespread criticism around the world and as well as Afghan officials. But a recent statement of the Chinese Foreign Ministry's Spokesman, who posted a horrified photo of the Australian soldier with an Afghan civilian, drew a strong criticism by the Australian government. China's official posted the computer-generated image on Twitter on Monday expressing shock by murder of Afghan civilians and prisoners by Australian soldiers, and has strongly condemned such acts, and called for holding them accountable. Immediately, Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison reacted to the report, seeking apology from Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Zhao Lijian who condemned Australian soldiers' atrocity against Afghan civilians. The Afghans are warmly welcome anyone who condemn inhuman actions badly affect the innocent Afghan masses. But the condemnation of war crimes committed by the foreign soldiers in Afghanistan since the US entered the country alongside its western allies nearly 20 years ago – is an unprecedented and timely budge by the government of China. Other countries must follow the suite. To take a close eye on the issue, this could mean that China is willing to be involved in the Afghan issues, especially in the crimes committed during the war. It means killing unarmed people is not acceptable for China. Beijing's strong reaction is a great example of such. Since China is a powerful country that definitely has its influence in the region, such a move would give assurance that no country would even think to avoid culprits from being trailed. The concerning point is that if the perpetrators of such ruthless crimes went scot-free, our people, who suffered a lot, will lose trust in the western troops, and it will rise hater against them. But, at the same time, these troops had helped the Afghan people and the government a lot in the fight against terrorists in the past many years. Australian Prime Minister has already pledged to bring the offenders to justice, which is a welcoming move. Anyway, the agonized Afghans welcome China's move not to only condemn but also react strongly over unlawful killings in Afghanistan and we also welcome other countries' standpoint to bringing the killers of innocent Afghans to justice.

Australian Logic

AUSTRALIAN LOGIC

"To Morrison"

Facing With The Truth About Murder In Afghanistan, But Australia Demand For An Apology.

Australian Government：We Can Murder, But Can't Show The Truth, So You Must Apologize Now.

WHAT Logic That? 

IT IS Australian Logic.

Australia：Convict Natural Color

Feel Ashamed !!!

Photo:A Nazi Swastika Flag Flies Over An Australian Army Vehicle In Afghanistan(2018)

Australian Soldiers Murder Civilians In Afghanistan(2020)

Feel Ashamed，，，

Australia Must Apologise To All Afghanistan People For Their Crimes.

https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-54714692

Climate Change: China's Forest Carbon Uptake 'Underestimated'

Jonathan Amos - BBC Science Correspondent

29 October 2020

Some tree planting has come from a desire to establish vibrant timber and paper industries

China's aggressive policy of planting trees is likely playing a significant role in tempering its climate impacts.

An international team has identified two areas in the country where the scale of carbon dioxide absorption by new forests has been underestimated.

Taken together, these areas account for a little over 35% of China's entire land carbon "sink", the group says.

The researchers' analysis, based on ground and satellite observations, is   reported in Nature journal .

• Norway funds map of world's tropical forests

• 'Unacceptable' losses of older trees in 2019

A  carbon sink is any reservoir - such as peatlands, or forests - that absorbs more carbon than it releases, thereby lowering the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere.

China is the world's biggest source of human-produced carbon dioxide, responsible for around 28% of global emissions.

But it recently stated an intention to peak those emissions before 2030 and then to move to carbon neutrality by 2060.

The specifics of how the country would reach these goals is not clear, but it inevitably has to include not only deep cuts in fossil fuel use but ways also to pull carbon out of the atmosphere.

"Achieving China's net-zero target by 2060, recently announced by the Chinese President Xi Jinping, will involve a massive change in energy production and also the growth of sustainable land carbon sinks," said co-author Prof Yi Liu at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

"The afforestation activities described in [our Nature] paper will play a role in achieving that target," he told BBC News.

China's increasing leafiness has been evident for some time. Billions of trees have been planted in recent decades, to tackle desertification and soil loss, and to establish vibrant timber and paper industries.

The new study refines estimates for how much CO2 all these extra trees could be taking up as they grow.

China is engaged in large programmes to conserve and expand its forests

The latest analysis examined a host of data sources. These comprised forestry records, satellite remote-sensing measurements of vegetation greenness, soil water availability; and observations of CO2, again made from space but also from direct sampling of the air at ground level.

"China is one of the major global emitters of CO2 but how much is absorbed by its forests is very uncertain," said the IAP scientist Jing Wang, the report's lead author.

"Working with CO2 data collected by the Chinese Meteorological Administration we have been able to locate and quantify how much CO2 is absorbed by Chinese forests."

• China and India make planet leafier

• European satellites to map global CO2 emissions

The two previously under-appreciated  carbon sink areas are centred on China's southwest, in Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangxi provinces; and its northeast, particularly Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces.

The land biosphere over southwest China, by far the largest single region of uptake, represents a sink of about -0.35 petagrams per year, representing 31.5% of the Chinese land carbon sink.

A petagram is a billion tonnes.

The land biosphere over northeast China, the researchers say, is seasonal, so it takes up carbon during the growing season but emits carbon otherwise. Its net annual balance is roughly -0.05 petagrams per year, representing about 4.5% of the Chinese land carbon sink.

To put these numbers in context, the group adds, China was emitting 2.67 petagrams of carbon as a consequence of fossil fuel use in 2017.

Prof Paul Palmer, a co-author from Edinburgh University, UK, said the size of the forest sinks might surprise people but pointed to the very good agreement between space and in situ measurements as reason to have confidence in the analysis.

"Bold scientific statements must be supported by massive amounts of evidence and this is what we have done in this study," the NERC National Centre of Earth Observation scientist told BBC News.

"We have collected together a range of ground-based and satellite data-driven evidence to form a consistent and robust narrative about the Chinese carbon cycle."

Prof Shaun Quegan from Sheffield University, UK, studies Earth's carbon balance but was not involved in this research.

He said the extent of the northeast sink was not a surprise to him, but the southwest one was. But he cautioned that new forests' ability to draw down carbon declines with time as the growth rate declines and the systems move towards a more steady state.

"This paper clearly illustrates how multiple sources of evidence from space data can increase our confidence in carbon flux estimates based on sparse ground data," he said.

"This augurs well for the use of the new generation of space sensors to aid nations' efforts to meet their commitments under the Paris Agreement."

Prof Quegan is the lead scientist  on  Europe's upcoming Biomass mission , a radar spacecraft that will essentially weigh forests from orbit. It will be able to tell where exactly the carbon is being stored, be it in tree trunks, in the soil or somewhere else.

Another future satellite project of note in this context is the  planned   EU Sentinel mission (currently codenamed CO2M)   to measure CO2 in the atmosphere at very high resolution.

Richard Black is director of the Energy  and Climate Intelligence Unit (ECIU), a non-profit think-tank working on climate change and energy issues.

He commented: "With China setting out its ambition for net zero, it's obviously crucial to know the size of the national carbon sink, so this is an important study.

"However, although the forest sink is bigger than thought, no-one should mistake this as constituting a 'free pass' way to reach net zero. For one thing, carbon absorption will be needed to compensate for ongoing emissions of all greenhouse gases, not just CO2; for another, the carbon balance of China's forests may be compromised by climate change impacts, as we're seeing now in places such as California, Australia and Russia."

https://www.ju-lehadventure.com/ladakh-information/food-ladakh-10-must-try-local-dishes-and-drinks

Food In Ladakh: 10 Must-Try Local Dishes And Drinks

Food is a means to provide important insights into the culture and history of a place. Since Ladakh is rich in culture and history, eating food in Ladakh is similar to taking a trip down the memory lane and reliving the history that this region has to offer.

One of the best parts of travelling in Ladakh is to savour different dishes and cuisines prepared by the locals. Tibetan influence on Ladakhi cuisine is palpable, especially thukpa and momos. Ladakhi food is not spicy as Indian cuisine and is simple but healthy.

To bring to you all the delicious food that you can try in Ladakh, here is the list of the top 10 dishes that should definitely be on your menu while you are in Ladakh.

1. Momos

Momos, without a doubt, is the most popular dish in Ladakh. It is a dumpling filled with meat or vegetable wrapped in dough. While momos stuffed with minced meat enjoys popularity among locals, veg momos are also savoured alike. These dumplings are either steamed or fried and served with dipping sauce. Momos are served to guests on special occasions such as Losar festival (Ladakhi New Year).

Momos are steamed in a container called Mokto which has several compartments with holes in them and placed on top of each other. Water is boiled in the bottom-most container and the steam is used to cook momos. These dumplings come in different beautiful shapes, especially round pleated and half-moon.

Keeping in mind the popularity of these dumplings, some restaurants in Leh have even started serving chocolate momos.

2. Thukpa

Thukpa is the staple food of people of Ladakh. It is a soupy noodle dish with assorted vegetables (for vegetarians) and minced meat (for non-vegetarians). The noodle is made of wheat or barley flour. The broth, rich in spices, not only satiates the taste buds but also warms the body. There are different types of thukpa (known as thentuk, pakthuk, etc.) served in different parts of Ladakh.

Thukpa is not only popular with locals but also with visitors. It is available in all the restaurants of Leh at a very affordable price.

3. Skyu

Another delicacy from Ladakh, skyu is a soup-based traditional speciality. The dish contains vegetable and dough kneaded into flattened thumb-sized balls. These flattened balls are then put in a pot with water and vegetables and cooked on low heat. Skyu is also served with meat. The dish is high on calories and fills the stomach. Skyu is mostly consumed in winter when temperature drops below freezing point. It is also a favourite among tourists who do trekkingand stay in villages.

Milk is sometimes added as a main ingredient in skyu. This dish is called oma (milk) skyu. One must try this dish when in Ladakh.

4. Chhutagi

Chhutagi literally translates as "water bread" (chhu means "water" while tagi is "bread" in Ladakhi). Chhutagi is one of the distinctive Ladakhi delicacy rich in nutrition. The flattened dough is usually cut into circular shapes and then given the shape of a bow-tie. The dough is then cooked in a thick soup made of either vegetables or meat. Chhutagi is a heavy meal and is often served during harvest season to workers to give them energy. Some local restaurants in Leh have come up with different versions of chhutagi. It is definitely one of the culinary specialities of Ladakh that need to be tasted.

5. Tingmo

These bun-shaped Tibetan bread is steamed and served with vegetables, meat and dal. Tingmois a delicate, soft and fluffy bun that is prepared from wheat flour without putting any filling. It is best served hot and is mostly served with meat. It is a staple food of Ladakh and is eaten for breakfast, lunch and dinner. Dough is kneaded and then folded and twisted intricately before being put in Mokto.

6. Chhurpe (dried yak cheese)

Chhurpe, made from the milk of dzomo (a hybrid between domestic cattle and yak), is used as an ingredient to create flavourful delicacies in Ladakh. It is white and is added to thukpa to bring out flavour when vegetables or meat are not available in winter. Chhurpe is also added to tsampa(roasted barley flour) and mixed with Tibetan butter tea to prepare kholak which is then eaten with vegetables or minced meat. It is a rich source of vitamins and proteins. Chhurpe is found in two varieties: soft and hard.

7. Butter tea

No occasion in Ladakh could be complete without butter tea. It is served during weddings, festivals and all important occasions of Ladakh. People of Ladakh drink it all day as it not only provides warmth but also keeps the body hydrated in a cold, high-altitude area. Known as gur-gur chai, the tea is prepared with butter, milk and salt that are added and churned until thoroughly mixed with boiled tea leaves. Tsampa is often added to butter tea to prepare kholak.

8. Chhang

Chhang is Ladakh's local beer and is served as a traditional drink to the guests. Barley is fermented to produce chhang which has an alcohol content of 5% to 7%. Chhang is consumed during festivals, weddings and other important functions. When making a marriage proposition, a pot of chhang is offered to the girl's family. If the pot of chhang is accepted, then it means that the girl's family is ready for nuptial knots.

Chhang is served to guests with a small piece of butter on the brim of cups as a sign of respect. A finger is dipped and a few drops of chhang is flicked in the air three times as an offering to the Buddha, Dharma and Sangha before drinking.

9. Khambir

Often known as tagi (bread), khambir is a local whole wheat brown bread with a thick crust. The round-shaped fermented bread tastes best when it is served freshly baked. Khambir is served for breakfast with butter tea. People also eat it with vegetables or eggs. Khambir could be eaten even after a week's time and is one of the popular staple food in Ladakh.

10. Apricot Jam

Even though there are different flavours of jams readily available in all the stores, nothing could beat the taste of apricot jam. Made from chulli ("apricot" in Ladakhi), which is the most popular fruit grown in the region, the jam has become popular among visitors in Ladakh. One could have an apricot jam with khambir or bread.

***********************************

India Can Occupy Land But Can't Occupy People's China-Stomach.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2554-8

Reconstruction Of The Full Transmission Dynamics Of COVID-19 In WuHan

Xingjie Hao , 

Shanshan Cheng , 

Degang Wu , 

Tangchun Wu,  

Xihong Lin & 

Chaolong Wang

This is an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. Nature Research are providing this early version of the manuscript as a service to our authors and readers. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting and a proof review before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers apply.

Abstract

As countries in the world review interventions for containing the COVID-19 pandemic, important lessons can be drawn by studying the full transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China, where vigorous non-pharmaceutical interventions have suppressed the local COVID-19 outbreak1. Here, we use a modelling approach to reconstruct the full-spectrum dynamics of COVID-19 between January 1, 2020 and March 8, 2020 across five periods marked by events and interventions based on 32,583 laboratory-confirmed cases1. Accounting for presymptomatic infectiousness2, time-varying ascertainment rates, transmission rates and population movements3, we identify two key features of the outbreak: high covertness and high transmissibility. We estimate 87% (lower bound 53%) of the infections before March 8 were unascertained, potentially including asymptomatic and mild-symptomatic cases; and a basic reproduction number R0 of 3.54 (95% credible interval [CrI]: 3.40-3.67) in the early outbreak, much higher than for SARS and MERS4,5. We observe that multi-pronged interventions had considerable positive effects on controlling the outbreak, decreasing the reproduction number to 0.28 (0.23-0.33) and by projection reducing the total infections in Wuhan by 96.0% as of March 8. We furthermore explore the probability of resurgence following lifting of all interventions after 14 days of no ascertained infections, estimating it at 0.32 and 0.06 based on models with 87% and 53% unascertained infections, respectively, highlighting the risk posed by unascertained cases in changing intervention strategies. These results provide important implications for continuing surveillance and interventions to eventually contain COVID-19 outbreaks.

Author information

Author notes

1. These authors contributed equally: Xingjie Hao, Shanshan Cheng, Degang Wu

Affiliations

1. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

   Xingjie Hao, Shanshan Cheng, Degang Wu, Tangchun Wu & Chaolong Wang

2. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

   Xingjie Hao, Shanshan Cheng, Degang Wu & Chaolong Wang

3. Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

   Tangchun Wu

4. National Medical Center for Major Public Health Events, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

   Tangchun Wu & Chaolong Wang

5. Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA

   Xihong Lin

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Tangchun Wu or Xihong Lin or Chaolong Wang.

Supplementary information

Supplementary Figures

This file contains Supplementary Figures 1-10.

Reporting Summary

Peer Review File

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